Boasting one of the most remarkable color changes in the realm of gems, the alexandrite is a relative newcomer after having only being discovered in Russia during the 19th century and named after Czar Alexander II. This gem is an almost emerald green in direct sunlight, and veers toward the more ruby side of red once exposed to artificial light; the clearer and more distinct the color changes from green to red, the higher its value. Being one of the rarest and most expensive gems on the market today, most have never had the privilege of seeing a natural alexandrite face to face.